The following article, The End of the Indian Wars, was published in The Cashmere Valley Record, Vol. 30, No. 8, on 20 February 1936. I share it with you because it was of interest to Washington history buffs.
The next time you drive from Spokane to Pullman and Lewiston, take particular notice of Steptoe Butte. If you have ever driven over this road you will remember it, for it is a landmark for miles around. It was a guide post for the gold seekers at Colville and Pierce and for missionaries, stockmen and homesteaders.
The hill was named for Lt. Col. Steptoe, one of Col. George Wright’s assistants in the Indian Wars of the ‘50s. During the summer of 1856, and throughout 1857 and 1858, the Indian troubles had continued on about the same three fronts as already noted: the Seattle-Puget Sound country, the Yakima Valley, and the Palouse-Walla Walla area. Col. Wright had wintered at Vancouver and had started upstream in March. Leaving the portage around the rapids in the Columbia, from which the city of The Dalles, Ore., takes its name, guarded by a handful of men, he pushed on, heading for Walla Walla and the upper country.
It was at this portage that the Indians resumed the war on March 26, 1856. An attack was made and several whites killed and scalped. Help arrived from Vancouver under Sheridan just in time to avoid a complete massacre. Thus the first state of the ’56 campaign ended in the whites’ favor. Col. Wright then crossed Simcoe Pass to the Yakima Country. Here Wright, who clung to the idea that the Indians had been wronged, spent several months in parleying for peace.
But the governor remembered well his experiences at the hands of the Nez Perces. They had saved his life…and he well knew it. He therefore determined to place a force at Walla Walla that would insure the fair treatment of his friends.
Col. Wright, avoided going to the “aid” of the Nez Perces, and sent Col. Steptoe instead. The Governor went himself to try and make another peace, but it fared little better than the big peace council formerly held there. The two factions had too many differences…there was too much involved. As a result of this 1856 failure, Gen. Wool, commanding the regular army regiments concerned, ordered the area vacated by all except soldiers and missionaries. And, too, Fort Walla Walla was built…just where the present city stands.
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